If you receive a CME_Error Code, use this table for a cross reference.

(more…)

• HNS 9201 and Thrane & Thrane EXPLORER terminal: IERROR_17 or IERROR_1017 — GPS fix old.
• Nera WorldPro 1000/1010: INERROR_2621693 “Stored GPS position does not fulfill the GPS”

Obtain a new GPS fix before registering with the network.

The BGAN terminal needs a GPS fix in order to register with the BGAN network.

Take the terminal outside, and lay it down flat with a clear view of as much of the open sky as possible. The GPS system is relatively tolerant of atmospheric conditions such as heavy cloud or rainfall. However, note that physical blockages, such as tall buildings can significantly degrade the ability of the GPS receiver to obtain a fix.

It should take no more than 5 to 10 minutes to obtain a fix. Check the terminal to see if you have a valid GPS fix.

• On the HNS 9201, the GPS LED lights solid green when you have a valid GPS fix.

• On a Thrane & Thrane EXPLORER terminal, enter the PROPERTIES > GPS STATUS menu on the terminal’s display and keypad. If the terminal has a GPS fix, and the position can be displayed, the latitude and longitude details are shown.  If the terminal has a GPS fix, but the position cannot be displayed, the word ACQUIRED is displayed. If the terminal is still searching for a GPS fix, the almanac data is displayed as a series of vertical bars giving the status of 16 GPS satellites.

• On the Nera 1000/1010, the Signal LED lights solid green when you have a GPS fix.

No SIM card installed

You must install a SIM card into the terminal before you can register with the network NOTE: Check that the gold contact strip of the SIM card is in contact with the SIM connectors on the terminal. Make sure the SIM card is flat against the terminal’s connectors.

NOTE: Handle the SIM card carefully, as damage to the gold contact strip can affect performance.

SIM card not provisioned. The SIM card you install must be correctly provisioned for use on the BGAN network. To check that it is correctly provisioned, contact your Service Provider.

It is vital that you point the terminal as accurately as possible.

Establishing a connection with the BGAN network requires the careful orientation of the BGAN terminal towards the satellite, a process called pointing. Accurate and precise pointing is important, because a badly-pointed antenna may mean you cannot register with the BGAN network, and will reduce the data rate achievable over the network.

To point accurately, ensure clear line of sight: obstacles such as buildings, mountains, trees and vehicles will reduce your signal strength. Also, be aware when pointing a terminal through a window that many windows in offices, hotels and so on have a metallic finish to the glass which will also affect signal strength. Where possible, position the terminal outdoors.

NOTE: During pointing, the location shown on the coverage map in BGAN LaunchPad is based on your previous location, or one that you entered yourself. The coverage map displays your current GPS position only after you are registered with the network. Your current city location only updates after you next register with the network.

NOTE: On the HNS 9201, if your terminal tries to register automatically on start up, you may have automatic registration configured. If you have moved your terminal since you last registered, turn off automatic registration, and re-point the terminal manually.

What is the minimum signal strength I require for registration?

The typical minimum signal strength required to register on the BGAN network is as follows:

HNS 9201 49 dBHz

Thrane & Thrane   EXPLORER 300, 500, 700  46 dBHz

Nera WorldPro 1000/1010 41 dBHz

If you are connected to BGAN LaunchPad, check the signal strength on the status bar.  You can also use the LEDs or the display on the terminal to monitor signal strength. The amount and type of information provided depends on the terminal.

The typical minimum signal strength required to register on the BGAN network is as follows:

HNS 9201 49 dBHz

Thrane & Thrane   EXPLORER 300, 500, 700  46 dBHz

Nera WorldPro 1000/1010 41 dBHz

If you are connected to BGAN LaunchPad, check the signal strength on the status bar.  You can also use the LEDs or the display on the terminal to monitor signal strength. The amount and type of information provided depends on the terminal.

HNS 9201: CME_30 “The network request cannot be granted. The network is not available at this time. Try again later.”

Thrane & Thrane EXPLORER terminal: CM_133 ” The network request Cannot be granted

Nera WorldPro 1000/1010: JDUN_0734 ” The PPP link control protocol was terminated.

Possible Cause: Incorrect APN Selected

Have you checked the APN?

An Access Point Name (APN) identifies the external network that is accessible from a terminal. By default, the SIM Card in your terminal is configured with the APN of your Service Provider, and the terminal reads this information from the SIM card.  If you can’t make an IP data connection, it may be that an incorrect APN is being used by the terminal.

To check that the correct APN is being used, in BGAN LaunchPad select BGAN Services > LaunchPad APN Options. T he APN that is currently being used is displayed in the APN Configuration screen.

To make sure this is the correct APN for your SIM card, select Fetch from SIM. Click on OK and try making the IP data connection again.  If you still can’t make an IP data connection, check that the individual connection is set to the default APN. To do this, select the Data tab, right-click on the data icon that you want to check and select Edit. Then select the Routing tab, and make sure that default it selected in the Select APN drop-down list. Click on OK, and try making the IP data connection again.

Below you will find the different Inmarsat and DP (Distribution Partner) APN and DNS server information:

The dBm figure is the power related to a specific carrier bandwidth.(BW)

Normaly, for a carrier , this is the power in the 3 dB bandwidth.

If you use a spectrum analyser to measure the carrier power, you must make sure to use a resolution bandwidth which is greater than the carrier BW, but not so wide it takes in the power of any adjacent carrier.

With the digital spec. ana. it is possible to set up line markers to measure the total power between ther markes. (In the old days you had to use the calculator to figure this out)

A single forward bearer type has been chosen for use in the narrow beam. This bearer has a bandwidth of 189 kHz and uses 16 QAM modulation with a bit rate of 200-492kbps. (F80T4.5X)

If the C/N0 is 69.5 dBHz:  (Bear in mind that this figure is (negative dB)    -69,5 dBHz)

The power in the bearer is:  -69.5 + (10log189K) => -69,5 + 52,7  =  -16,7 dBm

Additional comments to the discussion dBm and dBHz. The term log means logarithm with base 10. The acronym dB stands for deciBel. By Bel means the logarithm of a quantity. By deciBel means 10 times Bel. dBm is a logarithmic expression for power measured in milliwatt. Example: P=1 Watt is 1000 mW, or  P=10*log(1000) dBm=30 dBm.

dBHz is a logaritmic expression for bandwidth. Example: If a communication system has a bandwidth of B=3.5 MHz (like UMTS) then this is 10*log(B)=10*log(3500000)=65.44 dBHz

A conversion between dBHz and dBm is not meaningful and I am not able to answer the question of conversion between dBHz and dBm

White Gaussian noise is often expressed as noise spectral densitydensity in watt/Hz. For example termal noise has a spectral density of N0=k*T W/Hz where k is the Bolzmanns constant k=1.38*10^-23 Ws/degK, and T is the temperature in deg. Kelvin. This could be expressed in a logaritmic scale in dBm/Hz. Thus at room temperature N0=1.38*10^-23 * 300 W/Hz or -174 dBm/Hz. If for instance the the bandwidth is 3.5 MHz, the noise level N0*B measured in dBm is -174dBm +65.44 dBHz=-108.5 dBm . In the latter example dBHz is used to find the nois power in a given bandwidth when the noise density is known.

Alphasat and Inmarsat-4 satellites

Following the full deployment of the Inmarsat-4 (I-4) satellite constellation in 2009, a further three satellite regions were created over the Earth’s major landmasses.

• I-4 F1 Asia-Pacific, at 143.5 degrees East
• I-4 F2 EMEA (Europe, Middle East and Africa), at 63.9 degrees East
• I-4 F3 Americas, at 98.4 degrees West

Alphasat was launched in 2013 to supplement the I-4 network, at 24.9 degrees East.

Inmarsat-5 satellites

The Inmarsat-5 (I-5) satellites power our high-speed Global Xpress broadband service. Launched between 2013-2015, the constellation of three satellites covers the following regions:

• I-5 F1 EMEA, at 63 degrees East
• I-5 F2 Americans and Atlantic Ocean Region, at 55 degrees West
• I-5 F3 Pacific Ocean Region, at 179 degrees East

  

BGAN Global Beam Map

BGAN Narrow Beam Map

Thuraya Satellite Coverage

GSM Roaming Coverage

Check the network connections settings for your operating system.

The connection to the terminal should be the only active connection. (In normal operation, it is best to have only one active connection.)

To check this:

• On a Windows PC, select Start > Control Panel > Network Connections. If you see an open connection other than the terminal connection, right-click on the connection and select Disable.

• On a Mac, simply make sure that the wireless and Bluetooth interfaces are disabled.

• USB drivers are not installed or need to be reinstalled
• Check for latest version of USB drivers
• Check USB cable and connections
• You must install USB drivers onto your computer before you can connect to the
  terminal over USB. The required USB drivers are provided on the installation CD
  supplied with the terminal, or can be downloaded from http://www.inmarsat.com/Support/detailsupport/bgan/Softwaredrivers/index.htm

When you connect the USB cable from the terminal to your computer, your operating system automatically discovers the terminal as new hardware. Follow the on-screen Wizard to install the terminal.

On the EXPLORER 300, 500, or 700, and Nera WorldPro 1000/1010 (Windows PC only) – To check that the installation of USB drivers on your computer was successful, display the list of modems on your operating system. To do this:

• On a Windows PC, select Start > Control Panel > Phone and Modem options, then select the Modems tab. If two ports associated with the terminal (either Thrane & Thrane or Nera) are displayed, the drivers have been installed.
• On a Mac (drivers only required for a Thrane & Thrane terminal) – select Macintosh HD > Library > Modem Scripts. If two ports associated with the Thrane & Thrane terminal are displayed, the drivers have been installed.

On the HNS 9201 – To check that the installation of USB drivers on your computer was successful, connect to the terminal and look for the IP address 192.168.128.100.  To do this:

• On a Windows PC, select Start > Program Files/Hughes/USB LAN.  If you can see this IP address, the drivers have been installed.
• On a Mac – select System Preferences > Network. If you can see this IP address, the drivers have been installed.

You can test your Ethernet connection by attempting to ping the IP address of the terminal from your computer. If you receive a reply, the terminal is connected.

The IP address of each terminal is as follows:

HNS 9201 = 192.168.128.100

Thrane & Thrane

EXPLORER 300, 500, 700 = 192.168.0.1

Nera WorldPro 1010 = 192.168.0.1

To ping the IP address from your computer:

• On a Windows PC, select Start > Run, in the Run dialog box type cmd and click OK. At the command line prompt type ping x.x.x.x, where x.x.x.x is the IP address for your terminal (see the table above). If you see the message Reply from x.x.x.x, the Ethernet connection is active.

• On a Mac, select Finder > Applications > Utilities > Network Utility > ping. In the text box type in the IP address for your terminal (see the table above). If you see the message Reply from x.x.x.x, the Ethernet connection is active.

Make sure you use a straight-though cable to connect the terminal to your computer. A suitable straight-through cable is supplied with your terminal. A cross-over cable is not suitable for connecting the terminal to your computer.

Check the network connections settings for your operating system. The Ethernet connection must be enabled. To check this:

• On a Windows PC, select Start > Control Panel > Network Connections. Look for the Ethernet (or Local Area Network) connection, and make sure it is connected. If it is not, right-click on the icon and select Enable.

• On a Mac, check your Network settings, and make sure Built-in Ethernet is enabled.

NOTE: If more than one network connection is open, refer to section 1.9 “Is more than one network connection open?”

To check that these settings are configured on your computer, refresh your IP address.

To do this:

•  On a Windows PC, select Start > Run, in the Run dialog box type cmd and click OK. At the command line prompt type in ipconfig /release, and then press <Enter>. The current IP address is released, and the command prompt displays. At the command prompt, type in ipconfig /renew and press <Enter>. The new IP address displays. Close the command window.
• On a Mac, select System Preferences > Network > Built-in Ethernet > TCP/IP, then  select Using DHCP from the drop-down list, and click on Renew DHCP lease.

NOTE: Rebooting your computer is another way of renewing the IP address.

For the Ethernet interface to work without any further setup, your computer must be configured to obtain an IP address and a DNS server address automatically. You can do this by refreshing the computer’s IP address.

NOTE: The settings from a previous network connection can sometimes be stored on your computer. Refresh the computer’s IP address to clear the previous settings. NOTE: Some corporate computers may be configured with a static IP address and DNS settings.

Possible causes could be:

• Incorrect Ethernet Configuration
• Incorrect Ethernet cable type
• Computer’s Ethernet interface is not enabled
• Terminal’s Ethernet interface is not enabled (Thrane Explorer 300/500/700/etc

Check the network connections settings for your operating system.

The connection to the terminal should be the only active connection. (In normal operation, it is best to have only one active connection.)

To check this:

• On a Windows PC, select Start > Control Panel > Network Connections. If you see an open connection other than the terminal connection, right-click on the connection and select Disable.

• On a Mac, simply make sure that the wireless and Bluetooth interfaces are disabled.

Make sure that the wireless mode (802.11a/b/g) of your wireless card is supported by the terminal, and that the terminal is configured for the required wireless mode.

• The HNS 9201 supports 802.11b mode only.

• The EXPLORER 700 supports 802.11a/b/g, but you must select the required mode on the terminal using BGAN LaunchPad.

Check the network connections settings for your operating system.

The connection to the terminal should be the only active connection. (In normal operation, it is best to have only one active connection.)

To check this:

• On a Windows PC, select Start > Control Panel > Network Connections. If you see an open connection other than the terminal connection, right-click on the connection and select Disable.

• On a Mac, simply make sure that the wireless and Bluetooth interfaces are disabled.

Check the network connections settings for your operating system.

The connection to the terminal should be the only active connection. (In normal operation, it is best to have only one active connection.)

To check this:

• On a Windows PC, select Start > Control Panel > Network Connections. If you see an open connection other than the terminal connection, right-click on the connection and select Disable.

• On a Mac, simply make sure that the wireless and Bluetooth interfaces are disabled.

This section applies to the EXPLORER 300, EXPLORER 500, EXPLORER 700 and Nera WorldPro 1000/1010.

• By default, the Bluetooth interface is disabled. To enable the interface, in BGAN LaunchPad go to Terminal > Bluetooth Interface Settings, and click on Enable.

• The terminal supports various Bluetooth profiles. Remember to activate/install the profile(s) you are going to use on your computer. For a list of supported profiles, refer to the documentation supplied with your terminal.

• The Bluetooth device should be placed within a specified maximum distance of the terminal. The maximum distance varies depending on the terminal. Note that this is the maximum distance in open air; the actual distance may be shorter, depending on the environment.

Note:  Refer to the documentation supplied with your terminal.

Inmarsat recommends that you use BGAN LaunchPad to manage the BGAN terminal.  You can install BGAN LaunchPad onto your computer from our website, and use its in-built Wizard to point the terminal to the BGAN satellite and register with the network.

Once registered, you can use BGAN LaunchPad to open and close data connections, send and receive text messages, and manage phone operations, as well as manage the terminal interfaces, monitor status and usage and access support services.

The other options you have for managing the terminal are as follows:

EXPLORER 300, 500, and 700 – use the terminal’s display and keypad to carry out registration and manage terminal operations.

EXPLORER 300, 325, 500, 525, 700, and 727 – Use the built in web interface to manage the terminal configuration and settings.  To open this, connect to the terminal, then simply type the terminal’s IP address (192.168.0.1) into your web browser. Refer to the User Manual supplied with your terminal for guidance.

Nera 1000/1010 – if you have a Nera WorldSet, you can use the front panel indicators and buttons to manage some terminal operations.   You can also utilize the built in web interface by using your default web browser and navigating to the terminal’s IP address (192.168.0.1).

Hughes 9201, 9202, 9450, 9350, and 9502 terminals can managed through front panel connections (if present on model) or through the built in web interface by using your default web browser and navigating to the terminal’s IP address (192.168.128.100)

Remote Management allows the unit to receive and act on special remote control SMS messages.

To access this feature page, open a standard internet browser, and enter 192.168.128.100 in the address field.  Then, click on Security Icon at the top of the GUI. If enhanced security is already enabled, you will need to know the Administrator password to access any features.

SMS Remote Control Off by default. On/Off radio button

• SMS Remote Password

default is remote (case sensitive). If the Enhanced Security feature is enabled, the password will be displayed encrypted.

• Sender White-list is a list of numbers that the terminal will allow a remote SMS message to come from. When entering the number use the + symbol in front of the country code e.g., +870 or just start with the country code e.g., 870. Do not use 00 in front of the country code.

The BGAN terminal needs a GPS fix in order to register with the BGAN network.

Take the terminal outside, and lay it down flat with a clear view of as much of the open sky as possible. The GPS system is relatively tolerant of atmospheric conditions such as heavy cloud or rainfall. However, note that physical blockages, such as tall buildings can significantly degrade the ability of the GPS receiver to obtain a fix.

It should take no more than 5 to 10 minutes to obtain a fix. Check the terminal to see if you have a valid GPS fix.

• On the HNS 9201, the GPS LED lights solid green when you have a valid GPS fix.

• On a Thrane & Thrane EXPLORER terminal, enter the PROPERTIES > GPS STATUS menu on the terminal’s display and keypad. If the terminal has a GPS fix, and the position can be displayed, the latitude and longitude details are shown.  If the terminal has a GPS fix, but the position cannot be displayed, the word ACQUIRED is displayed. If the terminal is still searching for a GPS fix, the almanac data is displayed as a series of vertical bars giving the status of 16 GPS satellites.

• On the Nera 1000/1010, the Signal LED lights solid green when you have a GPS fix.

It is vital that you point the terminal as accurately as possible.

Establishing a connection with the BGAN network requires the careful orientation of the BGAN terminal towards the satellite, a process called pointing. Accurate and precise pointing is important, because a badly-pointed antenna may mean you cannot register with the BGAN network, and will reduce the data rate achievable over the network.

To point accurately, ensure clear line of sight: obstacles such as buildings, mountains, trees and vehicles will reduce your signal strength. Also, be aware when pointing a terminal through a window that many windows in offices, hotels and so on have a metallic finish to the glass which will also affect signal strength. Where possible, position the terminal outdoors.

NOTE: During pointing, the location shown on the coverage map in BGAN LaunchPad is based on your previous location, or one that you entered yourself. The coverage map displays your current GPS position only after you are registered with the network. Your current city location only updates after you next register with the network.

NOTE: On the HNS 9201, if your terminal tries to register automatically on start up, you may have automatic registration configured. If you have moved your terminal since you last registered, turn off automatic registration, and re-point the terminal manually.

What is the minimum signal strength I require for registration?

The typical minimum signal strength required to register on the BGAN network is as follows:

HNS 9201 49 dBHz

Thrane & Thrane   EXPLORER 300, 500, 700  46 dBHz

Nera WorldPro 1000/1010 41 dBHz

If you are connected to BGAN LaunchPad, check the signal strength on the status bar.  You can also use the LEDs or the display on the terminal to monitor signal strength. The amount and type of information provided depends on the terminal.

The typical minimum signal strength required to register on the BGAN network is as follows:

HNS 9201 49 dBHz

Thrane & Thrane   EXPLORER 300, 500, 700  46 dBHz

Nera WorldPro 1000/1010 41 dBHz

If you are connected to BGAN LaunchPad, check the signal strength on the status bar.  You can also use the LEDs or the display on the terminal to monitor signal strength. The amount and type of information provided depends on the terminal.

When connected to the BGAN network, dial 57# or +870772001899. You will then be required to follow the recorded message. You will be asked to select a PIN number (4 characters or more), then you will be asked to leave your name. Finally you will be asked to set-up a greeting message.

When you receive a voicemail the network will send an SMS message to the terminal to inform you. You can then dial the short code 57# to pick up your voice mail message.

Full Voicemail Procedures/Wording Below.

“Good afternoon. Before you can use your mailbox, you have to do some initial settings.”

“Let’s do that now. Please enter your new PIN followed by the pound key.

Your PIN must be 4 digits. If you make a mistake, press star 3 to start again.”

(Enter PIN number followed by the pound key)

“Enter it again please.”

“Your PIN has been changed. To start using your mailbox, you must record your name. Let’s do that now. Press the pound key when you have finished.”

(Record your name and then press the pound key)

“If you’re happy with the recording, press 1. To hear it, press 2. To re-record your name, press 3.”

(Press 1 to continue)

“To start using your mailbox you must to record your name, let’s do that now. Press the pound key, when you have finished.”

(Record your name and then press the pound key)

“If you’re happy with the recording, press 1. To hear it, press 2. To re-record your name, press 3.”

(Press 1 to continue)

“Okay, name recorded. To start using your mailbox you must record the greeting for all calls. Let’s do that now. Press the pound key when you have finished.”

(Record your greeting message and then press the pound key)

“To use this greeting, press 1. To hear it, press 2. To re-record the greeting, press 3.

(Press 1 to continue)

“This greeting is now active. Welcome to messaging services. No new messages. No saved messages. Main menu. To work with your greetings, press 3. To change your mailbox settings, press 4. If you need more time, press 8.”

That is the complete voice mail set-up procedure. Please note the ‘pound key’ refers to the # (hash) key. The blue text indicates user interaction.

try to use the “DUN” that Launchpad has created to “dial” the network (phone no = *98#) to see if it connects. (LaunchPad is using one port for communication with the terminal, and one port for the USB modem (connecting to network).

Below you will find the different Inmarsat and DP (Distribution Partner) APN and DNS server information:

A standard connection is charged by amount of data transmitted. The bandwidth you are allocated depends on terminal type and network availability, but is always `best effort¿, that is, you are allocated bandwidth depending on your requirements and the requirements of other users of the BGAN network, or BGAN terminal. This connection class is suitable for most data types, other than multimedia.

A Traffic flow template, also called an application template, is a series of data filters such as CoS (Class of Service), PDP context and security settings, that allow the GPRS core network to classify packets received from an external network into the correct PDP context. When incoming data arrives at an access point in the core network, a packet classifier will make a PDP context selection based on the traffic flow template, and map the incoming data packets into the PDP context with the correct CoS attributes. The use of a traffic flow template allows multiple PDP contexts to be associated with the same PDP address.

Wireless Networking

The Dawn of the Wireless Renaissance It’s Time to Go Wireless! 
Although we’re constantly hearing about the miracle of wireless technology, we’re merely at the dawn of the Wireless Renaissance. From Auckland New Zealand to Mt. Everest, Internet cafes and other wireless hot spots dot our increasingly interconnected globe (yes, there really is an Internet Café at a Mt. Everest base camp), but the best and most ingenious use of this breakthrough innovation is yet to come. For now, the wireless gold standard is 802.11g – – the newest, fastest and most powerful 802.11 radio technology that broadens bandwidths to 54 Mbps within the 2.4 GHz band. Because of backward compatibility, older and slower 802.11b radio cards can interface directly with an 802.11g access point and vice versa at 11Mbps or lower, depending upon range. We’ve come a long way, baby – just in the past couple of months. That’s how rapidly the wireless net that will someday encompass the entire globe is morphing. Much quicker than we write these words, technicians are gleaning new ideas that will revolutionize the way we communicate. From Marconi (the inventor of wireless communication back in the late 19th Century) to 802.11g – the sky is not the limit for how far we will take the wireless renaissance – it was merely a suggestion that we rejected long ago.

Rating the 802.11 Wireless Standards In 1997, when the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) created the first WLAN standard they called it 802.11. Because it could only support a maximum bandwidth of 2Mbps – far too slow for most of today’s applications – ordinary 802.11 wireless products are no longer being manufactured. The next wireless incarnation was 802.11b, which supports bandwidths of up to 11Mbps, followed by the creation of 802.11g, which supports bandwidth up to 54 Mbps and signals in a regulated 5 GHz range. While 802.11g is the fastest wireless technology, is it the best for your home or business? Here is a brief synopsis of the three primary 802.11 standards:

• 802.11b – This technology supports bandwidth up to 11MBps, which is comparable to the speeds of traditional Ethernets. 802.11b uses the same 2.4GHz radio signaling as the original 802.11 standard. Because it is an unregulated frequency, 802.11b devices run the risk of incurring interference from appliances that use the same 2.4 GHz range, such as microwaves and cordless phones. However, if you install 802.11b devices out of range of other appliances, you can avoid the interference. Some manufacturers prefer using unregulated frequencies, such as 802.11b to lower their production costs. On the negative side, 802.11b is relatively slow and supports fewer simultaneous users.
• 802.11a – IEEE created 802.11a at the same time it made 802.11b. 802.11a supports bandwidth up to 54 Mbps and signals in a regulated 5 GHz range. This higher frequency limits the range of 802.11a in comparison to 802.11b, and due to its higher cost it’s used primarily in the business sector rather than in homes. 802.11a’s higher frequency also causes its signals to have difficulty penetrating walls and other obstructions. Because they utilize different frequencies, 802.11a and 802.11b devices are incompatible with each other.
• 802.11g – This technology supports of up to 54 Mbps, uses the 2.4 GHz frequency and is backwards compatible with 802.11b devices. 802.11g supports more simultaneous users, offers the best signal range and is not easily obstructed. The disadvantages of 802.11g is higher cost and possible interference with appliances on the unregulated signal frequency.

The Evolution of 802.11 Wireless Technology

• 1997 – 802.11 – 2 MBps
• 1999 – 802.11a – 54 Mbps in regulated 5 GHz range. Pro: Fast access. Con: Limited range
• 1999- 802.11b – 11Mbps in 2.4 GHz range
• 2002 – 802.11g – 54 Mbps in 2.4Ghz range and is backwards compatible with 802.11b, meaning that 802.11g access points will work with 802.11b wireless network adapters and vice versa. Pro: Faster access and backwards compatibility. Con: Higher cost than 802.11b.

Why Connect? According to International Data Corp. (IDC), about half of all U.S. households have a computer, and a much higher percentage of businesses use PCs. Tens of millions of these homes and businesses have more than one computer one. In fact, market research shows that current PC owners buy most of the new computers. This means that multi-computer households are becoming increasingly more common. If you are one these multiple-PC owners, you have probably thought about how great it would be if your computers could talk to each other. With your computers connected, you could:

• Share a single printer between computers
• Share a single Internet connection
• Share files such as images, spreadsheets and documents
• Play games that allow multiple users at different computers

Advantages of wireless networking:
It’s fast (11 – 108Mbps). It’s reliable. It has a long range (5,000 feet in open areas, 250 to 400 ft / 76 to 122 m in closed areas) It’s easily integrated into existing wired-Ethernet networks. Virtually all 802.11g wireless networking products work with each other no matter what brand or model. Wireless offers Ethernet speeds without the wires. Access points vary greatly in cost, from about $59.99 to $1,400. Access points have an integrated Ethernet connection to connect to an existing wired-Ethernet network or routers provide connectivity to a high-speed data connection (DSL or cable modem). It also has an omni-directional antenna to receive the data transmitted by the wireless transceivers. Integrating PCs and Apple systems on the same network is also possible with the 802.11g standard. The majority of wireless network adapters used are in PCMCIA card form. But some manufacturers do offer USB adapters or PCI format cards. The cost per card ranges from $39 to more than $300. They are not typically sold in “do-it-yourself” kits. Instead, everything is a la carte, allowing customers to build a system that exactly meets their needs.

For businesses, the benefits of wireless technology are dramatic; we are not using hyperbole when we assure you that it will revolutionize your company. A wireless infrastructure makes it easier for you to adapt your office space as your company evolves. And the productivity gains you will reap dwarf the relatively inexpensive cost of setting up a wireless local area network (LAN). Here are the primary benefits your business will receive by going wireless:

• Reduced Installation Costs – It’s less expensive to install wireless access points than wiring your office with Ethernet capabilities. Plus, you will not have to knock holes in walls to set up your network.
• Flexibility – If your company is growing rapidly and you need to constantly reorganize your space to accommodate ever-changing networking configurations, wireless networking provides rapid transition times, reduced down time and will not cost you as much as you would have to pay to rewire your office space. By setting up a network, you will be able to easily share devices, programs and technology with multiple computers. You can share peripheral devices, programs and technology to streamline your business and make it much more efficient.
• Convenient Information Access and Increased Productivity – Wireless delivers information access to anyone on your staff, from anywhere in your office. Most offices that have made the transition from wired networks to wireless systems have experienced remarkable increases in productivity.

It’s Not as Complicated as You Think! Most people think that networking your home or small office can be painful, with lots of wires, connections and other challenges. Plus, you have to make everything talk to each another. Don’t fret, because it’s not as much of a challenge as you might think. With most people using Microsoft Windows operating systems, networking has been built-in since Windows 3.11. Introduced in Windows 98, “Internet Connection Sharing” is a standard part of the operating system, allowing one computer to share an Internet connection with all computers on the home network. So, if you are running Windows, you can share files, printers and resources across your network without too much of a hassle. Following are 3 easy steps that will allow even a novice to setup a wireless network.

Wireless Networking Made Simple 3 Easy Set Up Steps Even the Novice Can Master
1. Plan Your System – Before you dive into the wireless world, make sure you know what lies ahead of you. Make a thorough analysis of your networking needs, what you need to accomplish, and what you expect to receive as a reasonable return on your investment. Assess your networking needs; determine how many workstations you’ll need to connect and where you can best utilize them. Also, take an inventory of what upgrades you will have to make to your existing computer equipment and decide what equipment you will need to purchase. These are the types of devices required for your wireless network:

• Wireless Access Point – This is the “controller” of your wireless network. There are two types of access points – hardware access points and “integrated” access points. Hardware access points are used as an extension of an existing wired network. “Integrated” access points also provide the features of a router, and are connected to a high-speed connection (i.e.: DSL or cable modem. Access points generally can serve at least 50 users, so exceeding the connection limits is rarely an issue. Remember that when you are networking, your connection is shared with all active users. Having an 11, 22, 72, 108 Mbps network connection does not make your Internet connection “faster,” however, it will allow faster data transmission between the users on the same wireless network. So, if you are planning on copying a bunch of files from your bedroom computer to the living room computer, or watching a video you recorded in your living room on your bedroom computer, the data transfer speed is great. While surfing the Internet, you may see a decrease in access speed to the Internet if your son is downloading MP3s in his bedroom and you are trying to watch an online video. Your wireless connection speed will vary based upon your location (i.e. out by the pool vs. across the room from the access point), however proper placement of your access point can assist in providing the best service to all areas you intend on using a wireless connection. We carry a wide-range of wireless access points, including some which combine a multi-port wired hub so you can utilize one device for both your wired and wireless connections.
• PCMCIA Wireless Adapter – This is generally used for laptops. A PCMCIA card simply plugs into your notebook PC Card slot, and after configuration with the software provided with the card, will connect to any detected network. Some access points allow for configuration of security so only “allowed” cards are provided access. This will alleviate any problems if your neighbor decides to ride on your Internet service for free once they see you using the Internet out by your pool. Desktop PCs can also be connected to a wireless network by using an inexpensive PCMCIA-to-PCI adapter, which allow for fast, easy connection of a desktop PC through the use of an internal adapter card that the PCMCIA card slides into.
• Compact Flash Wireless Network Adapters – If you have a handheld device, which includes a CF Type II slot, you can connect it to your wireless network using a Compact Flash Wireless Network adapter.
• USB Wireless Adapter –Great for use with desktop PCs, a USB wireless adapter allows you to connect your system to the wireless network without installing any adapter cards or opening your PC whatsoever. These are a convenient and easy way to add wireless networking to an existing PC in your home. Additionally, based on user feedback, an external USB device has better reception than an internal PCMCIA card in the back of your computer, as you can move it around for the best reception.
• “Wired” And “Wireless” Together – “You can actually build a network comprised of Integrated access points, for both wired and wireless communications. Why would you want this? Well, let’s say that you have the ability to run wire for the systems in your home. The cost is less per computer (an Ethernet NIC runs about $10.00 and the cable anywhere from $5-10) and you may have them easily accessible via cable. There are many mixed-mode devices, or “Gateways” available. For our full selection of Integrated Access Points. This device allows you to connect to a high-speed Internet connection (via the WAN port) and up to three wired devices (on the Ethernet ports) and up to 253 devices via the wireless access point built into the unit. This allows you to have standard desktops connecting with roaming notebooks and other devices where wiring is just not possible.
  In summary, if you want to run a network in your home or office, it really isn’t that tough! Pick the right parts to your network “puzzle” and get the best deal available. They’ll work together and you’ll make better use of ALL your resources

2. Setting Up Your System – Now that you have a plan in place that defines exactly what your equipment needs will be, how you will configure your network and what goals you expect to accomplish with wireless technology, it’s time to set up your network. Before you take this step (don’t worry, it’s much easier than it seems), you must develop a good working understanding of the equipment involved in a wireless network. Wireless LAN equipment consists of wireless clients – the notebook computers, printers or handheld devices that can communicate over a wireless LAN – and access points, which are the points that accept the wireless radio signals and then connect the LANs. Your access point is the central communications point for your computers. These Now it’s time to build the wireless LAN! Again, don’t panic – you will be amazed how simple it is. Here is what you have to do:

• Determine how many people will use your network; this will tell you how many access points you will need.
• Choose a central location for your LAN connection. If possible, this should be in an open environment to maximize your wireless range. Walls, cables, pipe, etc. within your existing environment can compromise your range.
• Configure your wireless network to work with your network.
• Test your installation before going live. With link test software you can find out what percent of your data is being sent correctly, how much time it takes to receive a response from the destination device, how the strength of the transmitted signal.
• Establish a protocol for managing your wireless LAN.

3. Implement security measures to protect the integrity of your wireless network – Remember, wireless communications transmit through the air rather than over a closed capable. Therefore, maintaining security over your system requires measures that are specific to wireless. Wireless security solutions include Media Access Control (MAC), WEP encryption and Traditional VPN (Virtual Private Network) securities controls. Following are brief summaries of these solutions:

• MAC – Media Access Control restricts network access by unauthorized devices by assigning each network card a unique hardware identification number.
• WEP Encryption – A software algorithm that scrambles outgoing data and unscrambles it when it is received, maintaining its integrity while en route.
• Traditional VPN (Virtual Private Network) security controls – Allows users outside your system to gain access to your network. VPNs encrypt data prior to transmission over a wireless link, ensuring data security even if it is intercepted. VPNs are particularly critical when you are using a public hot spot.

Three simple steps – that’s all it takes to join the wireless revolution – along with a relatively small investment in new technology that you will recoup many times with your exponentially improved efficiency and streamlined operation. We have the expertise, incomparable product line and unparalleled pricing to help you become experience all the advantages of benefits of wireless technology.

A concentrated area offering coverage within the global footprint for particular regions in the world.

Stands for “Public Switched Telephone Network” which is the infrastructure that carries public telephone service across the globe.

A virtual private network (VPN) enables remote offices or users to gain secure access to their organization’s network over the public telecommunications network. This provides the benefits of remote access without the expense of dedicated leased or owned lines. VPNs work by using tunneling protocols, such as L2TP, to encrypt data at the sending end, and decrypt the data at the receiving end. This “tunnel” cannot be accessed by data that is not properly encrypted.

Your Distribution Partner supplies you with a subscriber identification module (SIM) Card or a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Subscriber SIM (USIM) card. A SIM or USIM Card is a card commonly used in a GSM phone. The card holds a microchip that stores information and encrypts voice and data transmissions, making it extremely difficult to listen in on calls. The USIM card also stores data that identifies the caller to the Distribution Partner.

The rate at which streaming data is transmitted, in kilobytes per second (kbps). This rate applies to transmitted (uplink) and received (downlink) data. Desired symmetrical rate – From the drop-down list, choose the desired data rate for your Streaming connection. This can be 32kbps, 64kbps, 128kbps or 256kbps. This figure is guaranteed, unless the connection cannot meet this requirement because of bandwidth restrictions. In this case the rate defaults to the minimum symmetrical rate. Minimum symmetrical rate – From the drop-down list, choose the minimum data rate that you are prepared to accept for your Streaming connection. This can be 32kbps, 64kbps, 128kbps or 256kbps. This rate must be lower than the desired symmetrical rate. If the connection cannot meet this requirement, an error message displays.

A streaming connection is charged by time. You are charged for the amount of time the connection is active. Streaming enables multimedia data, such as video, to be sent in a continuous data stream and converted into sound and pictures. The bandwidth required for a streaming connection is difficult to predict, and depends on factors such as length of connection and number of receivers.

Class of Service (CoS) assigns a level of priority to certain types of data traffic, in particular high bandwidth applications such as video and multimedia. CoS attempts to maintain a guaranteed throughput level, and minimize error rates and end-to-end latency, so providing a higher level of service than “best effort” protocols.

Your Service Provider supplies you with a Subscriber Identification Module (SIM) Card or a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Subscriber SIM (USIM) Card. A SIM or USIM Card is a card commonly used in a GSM phone. The card holds a microchip that stores information and encrypts voice and data transmissions, making it extremely difficult to listen in on calls. The USIM Card also stores data that identifies the caller to the Distribution Partner.

An Internet Protocol address, or IP address, is a number that identifies the computer that is sending or receiving information transmitted over the Internet. An IP address is made up of four groups of numbers between 0 and 255, separated by periods. For example, 207.115.79.4 is an IP address. In the BGAN system, IP addresses can be dynamic or static. Dynamic IP Address – A dynamic IP address is a temporary address that is assigned by your Internet Service Provider (ISP) when you connect to the Internet. If you do not need a permanent IP address, Inmarsat recommends that you obtain a dynamic IP address. Normally, individual users of the Internet use a dynamic IP address. Static IP Address – A static IP address is assigned permanently, and is used every time you connect to the Internet. Normally, companies and other organizations that have their own networks use static IP addresses.

A Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) It is responsible for the delivery of data packets from and to the mobile stations within its geographical service area. Its tasks include packet routing and transfer, mobility management (attach/detach and location management), logical link management, and authentication and charging functions. The location register of the SGSN stores location information (e.g., current cell, current VLR) and user profiles (e.g., IMSI, address(es) used in the packet data network) of all GPRS users registered with this SGSN.

Gateway GPRS Support Node. (GPRS stands for General Packet Radio Services) . A GPRS Core Network provides mobility management, session management and transport for Internet Protocol packet
services in GSM and WCDMA networks. The core network also provides support for other additional functions such as billing and lawful interception. It was also proposed, at one stage, to support packet radio services in the US D-AMPS TDMA system, however, in practice, most of these networks are being converted to GSM so this option is becoming largely irrelevant. Like GSM in general, GPRS is an
open standards driven system and the standardization body is the 3GPP.

An Access Point Name (APN) identifies an external network that is accessible from a terminal. An APN has several attributes associated with it that define how you can access the external network at that point. By default, the SIM card in your terminal is configured with the APN of your Service Provider. You may want to configure further APNs if you have arranged with your Service Provider to use more than one SIM Card.

The domain name system (DNS) is an internet service that is required because the Internet does not recognize the text-based web address or e-mail address that you type into your Web browser or e-mail application. All or part of a web address or an e-mail address is a domain name, and DNS translates this domain name into an IP address that is recognized by the Internet. Dynamic DNS server – If you are using dynamic IP addressing, Inmarsat recommends that you use a dynamic DNS server. A dynamic DNS server updates the IP address information in the DNS database each time your IP address changes. A dynamic DNS server also enables a computer using a dynamic IP address to use network applications that normally require a static IP address, for example FTP servers. This service requires subscription with a Dynamic DNS provider. Static DNS Server – If you are using static IP addressing, Inmarsat recommends that you use a static DNS server. If you select this option, you must enter the IP address of the primary DNS server. This is supplied by your internet service provider. Optionally, you can enter the IP address of a secondary DNS server, also supplied by your ISP. This is used in the event of failure of the primary DNS server.

Error correction ensures that very little data is lost during transfer by asking for dropped packets to be re-sent. However, because it holds subsequent data whilst the packet is being re-sent, you may notice some jitter or delay in the received data. This is normal for most data types. For real-time applications, such as Voice over IP (VoIP) or video, you may find that the level of jitter or delay is too great. In this case, it is recommended that you remove error correction. Removing error correction minimizes delay and jitter, but note that a small amount of data may be lost during transfer, because dropped data packets are not resent.

A header is the component of a data packet that precedes the data that you are sending. The header contains information such as source and destination address, error checking and other administrative details. In most data types this does not noticeably affect the data transmission rates. However, in multimedia applications such as voice and video, the header can significantly affect performance. Inmarsat recommends that you switch on header compression for multimedia applications, such as video.

• Press [Menu] [4] [9]
• You will receive a message  ” Handset reset will set all values to Factory setings and deletes last calls
• Press [Yes] Handset will appear to freeze, but will eventually shut down.

DO NOT REMOVE THE HANDSET FROM THE SATELLITE PHONE TERMINAL.

You may need to then power cycle the satellite phone terminal.

Next, if you plan on using the terminal for incoming calls, you may want to reset the Mobile Subscriber Number (MSN) to match the terminal you are using.